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Manual Points of Emphasis and Expansion
The section is to:
  • Reiterate what is in the manual but many umpires seem to be missing
  • Clarify what is in the manual but seems to be unclear
  • Expand on topics, issues, or items in the manual in more detail
  • Expand on topics, issues, or items not in the manual but that are suggested or preferred
  • Suggest mechanics for unusual or non-traditional situations
  • Address any topics, issues, or items that surface mid-season that umpires need to know about
Chasing Fly Balls (PDF download)
After a Homerun When to Call and/or Signal Foul Ball
Walking the Line When a Batter Walks with No Other Runners on Base
FORCE Outs at Second Base What "X" Should I Go To?
Jackets Working Between Pitches as 1U when Counter-Rotated
Umpire Jewelry 10 X 10 At Third?
When To Set
After a Homerun
After an out-of-the-park home run during which a base umpire chased, the remaining base umpire should take the batter-runner to within 10 feet of third base to establish credibility should there be an appeal for missing the base.
Then the umpire (if it is 1U) should jog diagonally across the field, behind the pitcher, heading for his/her next starting position on the line. While jogging across the umpire should look in at the plate to see what is going on (call in your own area, see in all areas), but he/she should not pause or stop for the purpose of critically seeing what is happening at the plate.

If the remaining base umpire is 3U, he/she should pause after seeing BR touch third, turn slightly, and watch BR continue to the plate before heading over to the line for his/her next starting position.

We never want umpires to turn their backs on the action unless they have a job to do in their own area. If there is no job for an umpire to do, he/she should be aware of (seeing) the other action but not positioning him/herself for it.
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Walking the Line

Mechanics for walking the line at first base with no one on or a runner on third only and at third base with no one on.

We DO want the umpire moving even if only slightly – as opposed to standing still and just dropping set.

When the umpire ends the walk, we want him/her in a safe and ready position so that he/she can move quickly out of the path of a batted ball AND be ready to move to his/her next position as dictated by the batted ball.

We say take no more than two steps (not giant steps, not even big steps, maybe baby steps). You can end with your weight on your push foot (outside foot) or you can end with your weight evenly distributed on both feet. We do not prefer one of these over the other – either is acceptable and each umpire on a game can use the one he/she prefers. Umpires do not have to be alike. 

Push Foot Mechanic:
At first base (18-20 feet down the line), you would start  step one with your right foot, then take step two with the left foot and stop when your weight is on the left foot. Your body would be leaning slightly forward. At third base you would start with your left foot and end with weight on your right foot.

It is also acceptable for an umpire to take only one step forward with the push foot and basically remain in that position as the ball is released and until it reaches the plate.

Step-to-a-Set Mechanic:
At first base (18-20 feet down the line), you can start with either foot and take one step, then for step two, bring the other foot up to, equal with, and parallel with, the first foot. Draw your hands into your body and be leaning slightly forward. This would be the same at third base.

Steps using either mechanic should be geared to the pitcher’s actions. As the pitcher is winding up, the umpire would begin the first step while watching the pitcher’s feet. The ball should be being released at about the time the umpire ends the first step. If the pitcher’s footwork is illegal, it would be now that the umpire would call and signal it while continuing with the second step as the ball is released. The second step is completed just prior to the ball being batted, swung at, or caught by the catcher.

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FORCE Outs at Second Base

There is no new mechanic on the FORCE play at second base. There is no specified X to go to on a FORCE at second base or, for that matter, any other base.

On any FORCE play the optimum angle is perpendicular or ninety degrees to the path of the flight of the ball. In most situations this position affords the umpire a good view of each of the three elements of a FORCE play: fielder’s foot on the bag, ball entering fielder’s glove, runner’s foot on the bag.

Most umpires have understood and applied this concept when calling a play on the batter-runner at first base from a starting position on the line.  The NUIP is now urging  umpires to apply this same concept to FORCE plays at other bases.

For instance, on FORCE plays at second, do not just stand still. Determine where the throw is coming from and try to adjust closer to ninety degrees to the path of the ball while opening up your distance from the play. This may involve a couple steps to either your right or left depending on each individual play.

On this and other FORCE plays most of the time you will not be able to establish a perfectly perpendicular position. However, you will be able to get closer to a ninety degree angle to the path of the ball and this will afford you an enhanced view of all three elements you need to see.

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Jackets
Any color showing under any jacket must be navy blue or the powder blue uniform shirt. If a windshirt style jacket is worn in regular season games either the powder blue uniform shirt or a turtle or mock turtle neck navy shirt must be worn underneath. Windshirts are not to be worn with only a white t-shirt underneath.
No jacket or windshirt is to be tucked into the pants.
Jackets for post season will be a solid navy polyester pullover, or snap or zip jacket with a cuffed navy collar, sleeves and waistband.
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Umpire Jewelry

Acceptable:
Small discreet studs earrings, no more than one per ear.
Small tight-to-the-ear loops.
One necklace which MUST be, and remain at all times, tucked in the uniform shirt. No choker style necklaces.
Not Acceptable:
Wristwatches
Any type of bracelett
Anything that dangles, sparkles, or draws attention to the umpire

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When to Call and/or Signal Foul Ball

College umpires generally do not call or signal obvious foul balls. A problem may be developing due to the subjectivity of what is obvious and to whom it is obvious. There is not a problem with the philosophy of the mechanic but rather with a lack of sufficient defining parameters for what should be considered obvious.
The manual suggests when a foul ball call or signal probably is not needed: “...some  examples of when a signal is not needed are (but not limited to): a pitch is fouled directly back to the backstop or fouled over the backstop or over the sides of the backstop.”

Guidelines with no runners on base:
A foul ball signal should be given on any ball relatively near the line (four feet either side).
A foul ball signal and verbal call should be given on any ball closer to the line than four feet.
(of course, if the batter doesn't leave the plate or is already returning to the plate then it was obvious to her and no signal or call is necessary)

Guidelines with runners on base:
A foul ball signal and verbal call should be given on any ball relatively near the line (four feet either side).

Balls hit directly back to the backstop or sides of the backstop do not need a call or signal.
Balls hit over the the backstop or sides of the backstop do not need a call or signal.
Base umpires should not echo a foul ball call or signal nor instruct runners routinely.

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When a Batter Walks with No Other Runners on Base

Although there is no specific mechanic nor any real responsibility for the plate umpire when the batter walks, the plate umpire must be alert and watchful (and be perceived as alert and watchful i.e. not looking at your indicator) because the ball is live and a runner is off base.
Stepping out from behind the plate, possibly/probably removing the mask, and watching the BR when a batter draws ball-four not only fulfills the 'alert & watchful' requisite but it reinforces the thought process that there is always a job for an umpire to do. It also looks good.

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What "X" Should I Go To?

The main and ultimate purpose of the manual is to provide the fundamental proven disciplines and concepts of good umpiring. Although it gives many generic and some specific examples, its intent is not, and never will be, to tell an umpire where to go and what to do on each and every play.

Positioning for any given play must be decided on the specifics of the play unfolding. Ask yourself these questions: what do I need to see - side of a base?, possible tag?, foot on a base?; what are the throwing and running lanes – my risks in crossing them?, what is the best distance?, what distance can I get?, what angle do I need – can I get it?, where is my next play responsibility?, do I have help ahead?, and many, many more.

For example, ninety degrees to the flight of the ball on a force usually gives the best look at what needs to be seen but if it puts you in a throwing lane or a runner’s lane then it must be adjusted. If it puts you grossly out of position for your next responsibility then it should be adjusted. If the read of the play or a player’s action makes you hesitate, probably your positioning will have to be modified.

The bottom line is: You gotta THINK. Know what you need  - have a reason for your movements.

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Working Between Pitches as 1U when Counter-Rotated
  • With runners on first and third - Work hard and commit fully to a possibly pick-off on R1.
  • With a runner on second and not first - Work hard and commit fully to a possibly pick-off on R2.
  • With runners on first and second - Work hard, start forward - but do not commit fully - to a possible pick-off on R2. Hang back somewhat so that you can still adjust to a possbile pick-off on R1.
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10 X 10 At Third?

When choosing a position umpires are encouraged, nay, exhorted to consider the advantages, disadvantages, and risks involved, weigh the trade-offs, then make an informed choice. We may disagree with the umpire’s weighting and point out why it is not the best choice, but the umpire will not be reproved if he/she has sound reasoning for choosing a particular position. This is how we learn and become better umpires.

First off: There is no new NCAA mechanic.

There has been discussion of what is now being called the 10 by 10 position at third in the two umpire system:Runner on third base or multiple runners including one on third base. The base umpire shifts to the extreme left side of the infield (perhaps10 feet from the third base line) and up close (10 feet) behind the second-third base line.
Let’s examine this.

Advantages:

  • Great for coverage of interference/obstruction between second and third.
  • Do not have to worry about fielders when moving in for a pick-off at third.
  • Very believable for leaving third before the pitch is released.
  • Same lousy angle for play at first.

 Disadvantages:

  • Poor look at runner leaving early at second.
  • Impossible to get a position on a pick-off at second (low probability it will happen)
  • Poor look at interference/obstruction between first and second.
  • Perception of being ‘so far’ from the play at first base.

 Risks:

  • Can become blocked for play at first.
  • Can become ‘pinned’ where cannot get to needed position elsewhere on the diamond.
  • Possible umpire interference if the shortstop is playing deep.

 Weighting:

  • Can do the job at third extremely well.
  • Can still do the job at third from the 30 foot oval the manual gives umpires to work in.
  • Cannot do the job at second.
  • Cannot do the job – believably - between first and second.
  • Bad perception for high probability call (at first base).
  • Can be prevented from getting needed positioning.

 Bottom line: The trade-off of being able to do one part of the job extremely well is not worth having to do other parts of the job extremely poorly when all parts of the job can be done adequately from the standard positioning. 

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When To Set

There seems to be some misunderstanding of when a base umpire should be in a set/ready-set position (either are acceptable so long as the umpire appears ready and alert).

Whenever there are runners on base, all base umpires should be set prior to the pitch. There is only ONE exception: With a runner on third base only, the first base umpire is in an upright walking position.

 Umpires set to do a job or be prepared for an imminent play (a play is coming at them). Whenever an umpire has leaving early responsibilities he/she must be set to accurately and consistently see both the runner and the release of the pitch. If there are runners on and an umpire does not have leaving early responsibilities – 3U with runner at first only, 3U with runner at second only, 1U with runner at third only - he/she does have imminent play responsibilities…except 1U with runner at third only. Hence the ONLY exception to all umpires are set whenever there are runners on base. 

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